Geothermal energy, a lesser-known but highly promising renewable energy source, has been gaining traction worldwide due to its potential to provide sustainable and clean power. In India, this resource is still in its nascent stages, but its prospects are remarkable. Let’s delve into the overview, history, current status, potential, and government initiatives surrounding geothermal energy in India.
Overview and Definition:
Geothermal energy refers to the heat stored beneath the Earth’s surface, which can be harnessed to generate electricity or for direct use in heating applications. This form of energy is obtained from the Earth’s core, where temperatures reach extremely high levels due to radioactive decay and the planet’s residual heat from its formation.
History and Current Status:
Although the concept of using geothermal energy dates back centuries, it wasn’t until the mid-20th century that it gained practical significance. In India, geothermal energy exploration began in the 1970s, but progress has been slow compared to other renewable energy sources like solar and wind. Currently, the installed capacity of geothermal power plants in India is minimal, primarily due to the technical challenges associated with drilling deep wells and extracting heat efficiently.
Untapped Potential and Clean Energy Source
India possesses substantial geothermal potential, particularly in the Western Himalayas, the Narmada Valley, and parts of Gujarat and Rajasthan. The earth’s interior heat can be harnessed to generate electricity, provide heating for industrial processes, and even for greenhouse cultivation. Geothermal energy is a clean and sustainable resource that emits minimal greenhouse gases, making it a valuable component of India’s transition to a greener energy mix.
Global Impact and Akshay Urja:
On a global scale, geothermal energy has proven reliable and consistent, contributing to a stable energy supply while reducing dependence on fossil fuels. In India, the government’s ‘Akshay Urja’ (Inexhaustible Energy) program emphasizes the development and utilization of geothermal resources along with other renewable energy sources, aiming to increase the share of clean energy in the nation’s energy portfolio.
Government Initiatives and Employment Generation:
The Indian government has taken steps to promote geothermal energy through various initiatives and policy frameworks. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) plays a crucial role in facilitating research, exploration, and development of geothermal resources. The emphasis on this sector not only supports the transition to sustainable energy but also generates employment opportunities in rural and geothermal-rich areas.
Large-Scale Infrastructure Projects and Public-Private Partnerships (PPP):
Realizing the potential of geothermal energy, the government has encouraged public-private partnerships to accelerate its development. Large-scale infrastructure projects, like geothermal power plants, often require significant investments. Collaborations between government entities, private companies, and international organizations can help drive innovation, technology transfer, and funding in this sector.
GDP Growth and Government Roadmap:
The integration of geothermal energy into India’s energy mix can have a positive impact on the economy. By reducing, its reliance on imported fossil fuels, the country can save on foreign exchange and enhance energy security. Moreover, as geothermal energy gains momentum, it can contribute to the nation’s GDP growth by fostering a new industry and creating a skilled workforce.
Conclusion:
Geothermal energy has the potential to revolutionise India’s energy landscape, providing a sustainable and reliable source of power. As the world moves towards cleaner and more efficient energy solutions, India’s efforts to tap into its geothermal potential align with global sustainability goals. With government initiatives, increased investment, and technological advancements, geothermal energy could emerge as a significant contributor to India’s green energy journey.
